AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The range of structural and biochemical (i.e., cytopathic) effects that viruses have on the host cell is extensive. Most viral infections eventually result in the death of the host cell. The causes of death include cell lysis, alterations to the cell’s surface membrane and various modes of programmed cell death.

Detailed explanation-2: -A virus must use cell processes to replicate. The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. These changes, called cytopathic (causing cell damage) effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Effects on Cell Biochemistry: Many viruses inhibit the synthesis of host cell macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, and protein. Viruses may also change cellular transcriptional activity, and protein-protein interactions, promoting efficient production of progeny virus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Introduction. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and their reproduction entirely relies on the host cell machinery for the synthesis of viral components such as nucleic acids, proteins and membranes.

Detailed explanation-5: -When a virus enters the body of the host, the virus begins to replicate with the help of the host cell machinery. The replication occurs due to biochemical and structural changes that lead to cell damage or complete destruction of the cell. The cells that are infected die through apoptosis or lysis.