AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Viruses cannot replicate on their own, but rather depend on their host cell’s protein synthesis pathways to reproduce. This typically occurs by the virus inserting its genetic material in host cells, co-opting the proteins to create viral replicates, until the cell bursts from the high volume of new viral particles.

Detailed explanation-2: -During attachment and penetration, the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material into it. During uncoating, replication, and assembly, the viral DNA or RNA incorporates itself into the host cell’s genetic material and induces it to replicate the viral genome.

Detailed explanation-3: -The virus’s genome is uncoated from the protein and injected into the host cell. Then the viral genome hijacks the host cell’s machinery, forcing it to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins to make new capsids. Next, the viral particles are assembled into new viruses.

Detailed explanation-4: -It has been known for decades that once a virus gets inside a cell, it hijacks the cellular processes to produce virally encoded protein that will replicate the virus’s genetic material.

Detailed explanation-5: -The attachment phase of replication comprises specific binding of a virus-attachment protein (or ‘antireceptor’) to a cellular receptor molecule. Virus receptors on cell surfaces may be proteins (usually glycoproteins) or carbohydrate residues present on glycoproteins or glycolipids.