AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)? Single nucleotide polymorphisms, frequently called SNPs (pronounced “snips”), are the most common type of genetic variation among people. Each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide.

Detailed explanation-2: -Therefore, by using SNP markers, it is often possible to test for association between a phenotype and a functional variant directly. For these reasons, SNPs have been chosen as the basis for the high-density genetic marker maps required for the next phase of human genetics: the unravelling of complex genetic traits.

Detailed explanation-3: -SNP (pronounced “snip") stands for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. SNPs are single-nucleotide substitutions of one base for another. Each SNP location in the genome can have up to four versions: one for each nucleotide, A, C, G, and T.

Detailed explanation-4: -An example of an SNP is the substitution of a C for a G in the nucleotide sequence AACGAT, thereby producing the sequence AACCAT. The DNA of humans may contain many SNPs, since these variations occur at a rate of one in every 100–300 nucleotides in the human genome.

Detailed explanation-5: -Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are defined as loci with alleles that differ at a single base, with the rarer allele having a frequency of at least 1% in a random set of individuals in a population.