AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Normal human spermatozoa carry either the X or the Y chromosome. The differences between X and Y spermatozoa (X and Y haploid cells) may exist in two areas: the different chromosomes (i.e. different kinds and numbers of genes) and the different sperm structures and functions (i.e. different genetic expression).

Detailed explanation-2: -Sperm, however, can either have an X or a Y chromosome. Therefore, if a sperm with an X chromosome fertilises an egg, the resulting zygote will be female (XX). On the other hand, if the sperm which fertilises the egg has a Y chromosome, the zygote will be male (XY).

Detailed explanation-3: -Humans and most mammals have two sex chromosomes, the X and Y. Females have two X chromosomes in their cells, while males have X and Y chromosomes in their cells. Egg cells all contain an X chromosome, while sperm cells contain an X or a Y chromosome.

Detailed explanation-4: -Most cells from male mammals contain both an X and a Y chromosome, but during sperm development (spermatogenesis), the X and Y chromosomes are segregated into different cells so that an individual sperm will carry either one or the other, with an X chromosome giving rise to daughters and a Y chromosome to sons.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Y chromosome, which makes boys, contains less DNA than the X chromosome for girls. That means sperm that bear a Y chromosome swim faster in viscous liquids. Such a liquid exists at the tip of a woman’s cervix in the form of a thick mucous.