AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A medical term for having an extra copy of a chromosome is ‘trisomy.’ Down syndrome is also referred to as Trisomy 21. This extra copy changes how the baby’s body and brain develop, which can cause both mental and physical challenges for the baby.

Detailed explanation-2: -A gain or loss in the number of chromosomes from the normal 46 is called aneuploidy. A common form of aneuploidy is trisomy, or the presence of an extra chromosome in cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Trisomy 21 is the most common chromosomal anomaly in humans, affecting about 5, 000 babies born each year and more than 350, 000 people in the United States. Also known as Down syndrome, trisomy 21 is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome.

Detailed explanation-4: -The classic form is the most common chromosomal disorder, in which there is one extra X chromosome resulting in the karyotype of 47, XXY [18]. Double aneuploidy was first described in a patient with both Down and Klinefelter (48, XXY, +21) syndromes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Trisomy X, also called triple X syndrome or 47, XXX, is characterized by the presence of an additional X chromosome in each of a female’s cells. Although females with this condition may be taller than average, this chromosomal change typically causes no unusual physical features.