AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During hot and dry seasons, animals go into a prolonged state of unconsciousness called aestivation. During aestivation, animals show factors like less breathing, decrease in body temperature and reduced heart rate. Animals like frog, crocodiles and salamanders undergo aestivation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Reptiles and amphibians include desert tortoises, salamanders, and crocodiles. These animals aestivate at places where the temperature is very low (such as underground).

Detailed explanation-3: -Non-mammalian animals that aestivate include North American desert tortoises, crocodiles, and salamanders. Some amphibians (e.g. the cane toad and greater siren) aestivate during the hot dry season by moving underground where it is cooler and more humid.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aestivation takes place in cold-blooded animals like snails, earthworms, frogs, etc.

Detailed explanation-5: -In this type of arrangement, the sepals and petals whorls just touch each other at the margin but do not overlap. E.g., Calotropis, Lilac, members of Annonaceae.