AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Many animals naturally live and travel together in groups called herds. Goats, sheep, and llamas, for instance, live in herds as a form of protection. They move from one fertile grassland to another without an organized direction. Predators such as lions, wolves, and coyotes pose major risks to domestic herds.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cooperation-a widespread phenomenon that has fascinated biologists for centuries-refers to mutually beneficial interactions that occur among individuals of the same species or between different species.

Detailed explanation-3: -From these biological blocks, cooperation prevails at every level of the animal kingdom. Ants that march to the same drummer move faster. Fish rid other fish of harmful bacteria for a free meal. Small birds protect each other from predators.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cooperation exists not only in humans but in other animals as well. The diversity of taxa that exhibits cooperation is quite large, ranging from zebra herds to pied babblers to African elephants. Many animal and plant species cooperate with both members of their own species and with members of other species.