AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Insight learning requires relatively great intelligence. Species most likely to learn in this way include species of apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans), crows, and humans. Examples of insight learning in apes in the wild include chimpanzees “fishing” for termites.

Detailed explanation-2: -Insight learning was defined by Thorpe (2) as “the sudden production of a new adaptive response not arrived at by trial behavior or as the solution of a problem by the sudden adaptive reorganization of experience.” An early claim of insight learning was Tolman’s maze-navigating rats (3).

Detailed explanation-3: -Animals are able to learn individual behaviors as well as entire behavioral repertoires through observation. Observational learning can occur with no outside reinforcement. The animal simply learns through observing and mimicking.

Detailed explanation-4: -Do individuals within a species vary in their intelligence, and how can these abilities be assessed? It is unknown to what extent nonhumans show the same variability in intelligence that humans do. Variability within a species likely depends upon the environment that it inhabits (Sol 2009).