AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: The only substance that would be found in the urine of a normal individual would be urea. Urea is the molecule through which nitrogenous wastes are eliminated in the body. Glucose, white blood cells and protein should not be normally present in the urine.

Detailed explanation-2: -Human urine is composed primarily of water (95%). The rest is urea (2%), creatinine (0.1%), uric acid (0.03%), chloride, sodium, potassium, sulphate, ammonium, phosphate and other ions and molecules in lesser amounts30 (Table 1). Protein is only found in trace amounts compared to their values in blood plasma.

Detailed explanation-3: -It is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water. Other constituents include urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and other dissolved ions, and inorganic and organic compounds. Urea is a non-toxic molecule made of toxic ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Detailed explanation-4: -Urine is about 95% water and 5% waste products. Nitrogenous wastes excreted in urine include urea, creatinine, ammonia, and uric acid. Ions such as sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and calcium are also excreted. Urine produced in the kidneys travels down the ureters into the urinary bladder.

Detailed explanation-5: -High levels of urea in the urine may suggest: too much protein in the diet. excessive protein breakdown in the body.