ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
EXCRETION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Brush border to increase surface area
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Lots of mitochondria for making ATP
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Close to capillaries to decrease the concentration gradient
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Thin walls to reduce diffusion distance
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Detailed explanation-1: -The epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are adapted for reabsorption by having microscopic projections called microvilli.
Detailed explanation-2: -They work by inhibiting SGLT2 transporters in the PCT. This prevents sodium and glucose reuptake, which has two main effects. Firstly, glucose cannot be reabsorbed and is thus excreted, reducing blood-glucose levels.
Detailed explanation-3: -The PCT is responsible for reabsorbing most of the glucose, amino acids, and small peptides that enter the ultrafiltrate (Berry and Rector 1991). The PCT contains numerous secondary active, sodium-coupled transporters for glucose (SGLT2) and amino acids (Silbernagl and Gekle 2008; Silverman 2008).
Detailed explanation-4: -The lining of the proximal convoluted tubule is composed of a single layer of epithelial cells, which are adapted to carry out reabsorption in several ways: Microvilli. Co-transporter proteins. A high number of mitochondria.