AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The cortex surrounds the inside of the organ, which is called the medulla . The renal cortex itself is covered by the renal capsule, which is a layer of tougher protective tissue. The renal cortex is where the nephrons (blood-filtering units) begin. Each kidney has 1 million nephrons.

Detailed explanation-2: -The medulla is the middle layer. It drains the urine into tubes and empties into the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is the inner layer that leads to the ureter.

Detailed explanation-3: -The mature renal medulla, the inner part of the kidney, consists of the medullary collecting ducts, loops of Henle, vasa recta and the interstitium. The unique spatial arrangement of these components is essential for the regulation of urine concentration and other specialized kidney functions.

Detailed explanation-4: -The renal medulla, the inner compartment of the metanephric kidney, has a vital role in the regulation of body water and electrolyte homeostasis and systemic blood pressure. It is composed of the medullary collecting ducts, the loops of Henle, the vasa recta, and the medullary interstitium.

Detailed explanation-5: -The cortex and medulla make up two of the internal layers of a kidney and are composed of individual filtering units known as nephrons.