AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis .

Detailed explanation-2: -Glycolysis is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration because glucose is the only source of energy and the process of glycolysis is independent of oxygen. Thus, the absence or presence of oxygen does not play a role in this process which is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is e. Oxygen is not required. The statement regarding glycolysis which is true is oxygen is not required.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is anaerobic and does not require oxygen. If oxygen is present, the pathway will continue on to the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, if oxygen is not present, some organisms can undergo fermentation to continually produce ATP.

Detailed explanation-5: -Aerobic glycolysis occurs through the kerbs cycle inside the mitochondria, while anaerobic glycolysis occurs through ethanol/lactic acid fermentation inside the cytosol.