AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The range goes from 0-14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.

Detailed explanation-2: -The scale has values ranging from zero (the most acidic) to 14 (the most basic). As you can see from the pH scale above, pure water has a pH value of 7.

Detailed explanation-3: -Strong bases have very high pH values, usually about 12 to 14. Well-known examples of strong bases include caustic soda or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), as well as lye or potassium hydroxide (KOH).

Detailed explanation-4: -When the PH of water becomes greater than 8.5, water taste can become more bitter. This elevated pH can also lead to calcium and magnesium carbonate building up in your pipes. While this higher pH doesn’t pose any health risks, it can cause skin to become dry, itchy and irritated.

Detailed explanation-5: -Acids are substances that provide hydrogen ions (H+) and lower pH, whereas bases provide hydroxide ions (OH–) and raise pH. The stronger the acid, the more readily it donates H+. For example, hydrochloric acid and lemon juice are very acidic and readily give up H+when added to water.