AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mutations in genes can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. As a mass of cancerous cells grows, it can develop into a tumor.

Detailed explanation-2: -Oncogenes are mutated genes that cause cells to grow out of control and can lead to cancer. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that control cell growth but if they become mutated they can turn into oncogenes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genetic changes can also happen because of errors that occur as cells divide. Yes, cancer is a genetic disease. It is caused by changes in genes that control the way cells grow and multiply. Cells are the building blocks of your body.

Detailed explanation-4: -When p53 is defective, a cell with damaged DNA may proceed with cell division. The daughter cells of such a division are likely to inherit mutations due to the unrepaired DNA of the mother cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -There have to be about 6 different mutations before a normal cell turns into a cancer cell. Mutations in particular genes may mean that: a cell starts making too many proteins that trigger a cell to divide. a cell stops making proteins that normally tell a cell to stop dividing.