AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Any chemical or physical change that alters the nucleotide sequence in DNA is called a mutation. When a mutation occurs in an egg or sperm cell that then produces a living organism, it will be inherited by all the offspring of that organism.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are several ways in which chemicals can induce point mutations. One of the most common is by forming adducts with a particular base in the DNA. Many chemicals that interact with DNA do so by forming covalent bonds between an electrophilic part of the molecule and a nucleophilic part of DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chemicals. Chemical mutagens are chemicals that have been shown to cause mutations. Some chemicals are also carcinogens and can cause cancer in humans, like the ones in cigarette smoke discussed above [2].

Detailed explanation-4: -No; only a small percentage of variants cause genetic disorders-most have no impact on health or development. For example, some variants alter a gene’s DNA sequence but do not change the function of the protein made from the gene.