AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Germ-line mutations occur in reproductive cells (sperm or eggs) and are passed to an organism’s offspring during sexual reproduction. Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells; they are passed to daughter cells during mitosis but not to offspring during sexual reproduction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Errors in DNA copying during cell division and development can cause new mutations-called de novo mutations-at any time from the moment of conception. Mutations that occur in the germ line-the cells that develop into sperm or eggs-can be passed on to the next generation and, perhaps, cause disease in children.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mutations can occur in either cell type. If a gene is altered in a germ cell, the mutation is termed a germinal mutation. Because germ cells give rise to gametes, some gamete s will carry the mutation and it will be passed on to the next generation when the individual successfully mates.