AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis .

Detailed explanation-2: -The conversion of glucose to lactate is known as anaerobic glycolysis, since it does not require oxygen.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anaerobic glycolysis is the process by which the normal pathway of glycolysis is routed to produce lactate. It occurs at times when energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glycolysis is the anaerobic catabolism of glucose and occurs in virtually all cells (Figure 4.4. 1). In eukaryotes, it occurs in the cytosol, where it converts a molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer: During anaerobic cellular respiration, glucose is broken down without oxygen. The chemical reaction transfers glucose energy to the cell. In fermentation, instead of carbon dioxide and water, lactic acid is produced which can lead to painful muscle cramps.