AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In glycolysis, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) is oxidized to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate, which results in the production of 2 NADH molecules (BPGA).

Detailed explanation-2: -As a result, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules during glycolysis. During this stage, high-energy electrons are also transferred to molecules of NAD+ to produce two molecules of NADH, another energy-carrying molecule.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proton Production by Anaerobic Glycolysis. During anaerobic glycolysis, the reduced cofactor, NADH+ H+ (which equals NADH2), formed by the enzyme GAPDH is reconverted to NAD+ during the formation of lactate. The overall reaction produces two molecules of ATP, independently of oxygen.

Detailed explanation-4: -So if 4 glucose molecules undergo glycolysis, 8 (NADH + H+) molecules are formed.

Detailed explanation-5: -Since 2 pyruvates are produced from glucose during glycolysis, a total of 4 are made from our 2 glucose molecules. These 4 pyruvates are then converted to 4 acetyl-CoA molecules. Each of these acteyl-CoA molecules runs through the Krebs cycle yielding a total 12 molecules of NADH.