AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -What is the general term used for the anaerobic degradation of glucose to obtain energy? Explanation: Fermentation is the general term used for the degradation of glucose to obtain energy in the form of ATP.

Detailed explanation-2: -fermentation, chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically. More broadly, fermentation is the foaming that occurs during the manufacture of wine and beer, a process at least 10, 000 years old.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glycolysis (see “Glycolysis” concept) is an anaerobic process-it does not need oxygen to proceed. This process produces a minimal amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle and electron transport do need oxygen to proceed, and in the presence of oxygen, these process produce much more ATP than glycolysis alone.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaerobic glycolysis refers to the breakdown of glucose when oxygen supply is limited. Only 2 ATP molecules are released. This reaction is catalyzed by the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. During strenuous exercise, muscles face a lack of oxygen and require energy to carry out the work.

Detailed explanation-5: -The aerobic degradation of [U-14C]glucose resulted in radioactivity in Krebs cycle intermediates and in five amino acids (alanine, serine, glycine, aspartate and glutamate). Radioactive carbon dioxide accounted for 50% of the glucose degraded.