AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP), making ATP. The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as in most bacteria and archaea.

Detailed explanation-2: -The movement of protons through ATP synthases occurs from the inner membrane to the matrix. The electron transport chain creates a gradient for the protons to move across the membrane and drive the synthesis of ATP. This process not only occurs in the Krebs cycle and glycolysis but in photosynthesis as well.

Detailed explanation-3: -During chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP, protons diffuse through CF0 channels that activates ATPase enzyme.

Detailed explanation-4: -ATP Production by Chemiosmosis: These protons can move through the membrane down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase, which then uses the energy of the proton motive force to make ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP production is called oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-5: -ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP molecules. It is a multi-part complex that straddles the inner membrane of mitochondria, the energy factories in cells. The enzyme complex interacts with fatty molecules in the mitochondrial inner membrane, creating a curvature that is required to produce ATP more efficiently.