AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chemiosmotic coupling describes the process that links the electron transport chain, which creates an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, to the production of ATP through the molecular machine ATP synthase.

Detailed explanation-3: -We define cellular respiration as ATP-generating pathways in which electron transport systems (ETSs; Figure 1) are coupled to the generation of ATP through a process known as chemiosmosis (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-4: -Chemiosmosis involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membranes of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartment. The pumping establishes a proton (H+) gradient. After the gradient is established, protons diffuse down the gradient through a transport protein called ATP synthase.