AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient.

Detailed explanation-2: -Oxidative phosphorylation has two parts: the electron transport chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis. The ETC is a collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy.

Detailed explanation-3: -The chemiosmotic hypothesis Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes-the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis-and occurs in mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-4: -Chemiosmosis involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membranes of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartment. The pumping establishes a proton (H+) gradient. After the gradient is established, protons diffuse down the gradient through a transport protein called ATP synthase.

Detailed explanation-5: -There are three phosphorylation mechanisms – 1) substrate level; 2) oxidative; and 3) photophosphorylation.