AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient, which is then used to make ATP in a process called chemiosmosis. Together, the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation .

Detailed explanation-2: -The electron transport chain or ETC is tightly coupled to the process of oxidative phosphorylation via the atp synthase system for the production of useful energy for metabolism in the form of ATP.

Detailed explanation-3: -Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes-the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis-and occurs in mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-4: -The process of ATP synthesis using ‘free energy’ obtained when electrons are passed to several carriers (ETC) is known as chemiosmosis. The actual point of the synthesis of ATP takes place when electrons pass the inner mitochondrial membrane. Energy is released within this process, resulting in the synthesis of ATP.

Detailed explanation-5: -The ETC is a collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy. The energy released forms a proton gradient, which is used in chemiosmosis to make a large amount of ATP by the protein ATP-synthase.