AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium never occurs in nature because there is always at least one rule being violated. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is an ideal state that provides a baseline against which scientists measure gene evolution in a given population.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Hardy-Weinberg Law states: In a large, random-mating population that is not affected by the evolutionary processes of mutation, migration, or selection, both the allele frequencies and the genotype frequencies are constant from generation to generation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Hardy-Weinberg equation is p2+2pq+q2=1 and is used to determine the frequency of genotypes in a given population. To solve for the frequency of a specific genotype, start by replacing the appropriate terms with the known values you’ve been given.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Hardy–Weinberg principle states that after one generation of random mating genotype frequencies will be p2, 2pq, and q2. In the absence of other evolutionary forces (such as natural selection), genotype frequencies are expected to remain constant and the population is said to be at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.