AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer: Since q = 0.2, and p + q = 1, then p = 0.8 (80%). The frequency of heterozygous individuals. Answer: The frequency of heterozygous individuals is equal to 2pq. In this case, 2pq equals 0.32, which means that the frequency of individuals heterozygous for this gene is equal to 32% (i.e. 2 (0.8)(0.2) = 0.32).

Detailed explanation-2: -1 = p2 + 2pq + q2 P and q each represent the allele frequency of different alleles. The term p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype. The other term, q2, represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.

Detailed explanation-3: -Another aspect of alleles and segregation is the concept of allele frequencies within a population. On an individual level, a person has a 0.5 chance of passing on one of two alleles for a given gene.

Detailed explanation-4: -Expected heterozygosity (Hexp = 2pq) for a 2-allele system as a function of allele frequency, p. Note that the heterozygosity peaks at a value of 0.5, when the allele frequencies are equal (p=q). It is minimal at both extremes–in those cases everyone is a homozygote of one type or the other.