AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -p = frequency of the dominant allele in the population. q = frequency of the recessive allele in the population. p2 = percentage of homozygous dominant individuals. q2 = percentage of homozygous recessive individuals. 2pq = percentage of heterozygous individuals.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the simplest system, with two alleles of the same locus (e.g. A, a), we use the symbol p to represent the frequency of the dominant allele within the population, and q for the frequency of the recessive allele.

Detailed explanation-3: -p = the frequency of the dominant allele in a population. q = the frequency of the recessive allele in a population. 2 p q 2pq 2pq = the frequency of the heterozygous dominant genotype. p2 = the frequency of homozygous dominant genotype. q2 = the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Hardy-Weinberg Law is an equation for calculating the frequencies of different alleles and genotypes in a population in genetic equilibrium and expressed by the formula p + q = 1 where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.

Detailed explanation-5: -The arm of the chromosome. Each chromosome is divided into two sections (arms) based on the location of a narrowing (constriction) called the centromere. By convention, the shorter arm is called p, and the longer arm is called q.