AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Solution: The equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 is a binomial expression of (p + q)2 +1. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 mathematically represents Hardy-Weinberg’s principle used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium.

Detailed explanation-2: -The frequency of genotypes in a population may be calculated using the formula p2 + q2 + 2pq = 1, where p2 represents the frequency of homozygous dominant genotype, q2 represents the frequency of recessive genotype, and 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygous genotype.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Hardy-Weinberg equation used to determine genotype frequencies is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. Where ‘p2’ represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA), ‘2pq’ the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa) and ‘q2’ the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).

Detailed explanation-4: -In the equation, p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Hardy-Weinberg equation is a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium. The Hardy-Weinberg equation is expressed as:p2+ 2Pq+q2 = 1 where p is the frequency of the A allele and q is the frequency of the a allele in the population.