AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Natural selection on polygenic traits can affect the distributions of phenotypes in three ways: directional selection, stabilizing selection, or disruptive selection.

Detailed explanation-2: -Population bottleneck, when a population’s size becomes very small very quickly, and the founder effect, when a few individuals in a population colonize a new location that is separate from the old population, are the two main types of genetic drift.

Detailed explanation-3: -Natural selection can lead to speciation, where one species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species. It is one of the processes that drives evolution and helps to explain the diversity of life on Earth.

Detailed explanation-4: -Organisms with heritable (genetically determined) features that help them survive and reproduce in a particular environment tend to leave more offspring than their peers. If this continues over generations, the heritable features that aid survival and reproduction will become more and more common in the population.