AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area.

Detailed explanation-2: -Background extinction rate, or normal extinction rate, refers to the number of species that would be expected to go extinct over a period of time, based on non-anthropogenic (non-human) factors.

Detailed explanation-3: -The ongoing extinction of individual species due to environmental or ecological factors such as climate change, disease, loss of habitat, or competitive disadvantage in relation to other species.

Detailed explanation-4: -The extinction of any species is an irreversible loss of part of the biological richness of the Earth. Extinction can be a natural occurrence caused by an unpredictable catastrophe, chronic environmental stress, or ecological interactions such as competition, disease, or predation.