AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Allopatric speciation (1) occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another. A physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a waterway, makes it impossible for them to breed with one another.

Detailed explanation-2: -Organisms are considered to be members of the same species if they can produce fertile offspring. If two populations become isolated from one another and there is no gene flow between the two populations, they may develop into two distinct species. This process is known as “speciation".

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists think that geographic isolation is a common way for the process of speciation to begin: rivers change course, mountains rise, continents drift, organisms migrate, and what was once a continuous population is divided into two or more smaller populations.

Detailed explanation-4: -Parapatric speciation is extremely rare. It occurs when populations are separated not by a geographical barrier, such as a body of water, but by an extreme change in habitat. While populations in these areas may interbreed, they often develop distinct characteristics and lifestyles.