AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: The given statement is false. A frameshift mutation occurs when there is insertion or deletion of a nucleotide base in the DNA. This mutation results in a complete change in the amino acid sequence.

Detailed explanation-2: -They can arise from extremely simple mutations such as the addition or removal of a single nucleotide. Frameshift mutations do not include substitutions where a nucleotide replaces another. In substitution mutations, the polypeptide only changes by a single amino acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -A substitution mutation replaces one base with another, resulting in a change in only one chemical letter. This transition might be caused by a variety of factors relating to the storage and reading of DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Frameshift mutations arise when the normal sequence of codons is disrupted by the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides, provided that the number of nucleotides added or removed is not a multiple of three.

Detailed explanation-5: -A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein.