AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations with small effects. Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious.

Detailed explanation-2: -No; only a small percentage of variants cause genetic disorders-most have no impact on health or development. For example, some variants alter a gene’s DNA sequence but do not change the function of the protein made from the gene.

Detailed explanation-3: -The majority of mutations are neutral in their effects on the organisms in which they occur. Beneficial mutations may become more common through natural selection. Harmful mutations may cause genetic disorders or cancer.

Detailed explanation-4: -False, it should read “Some mutations may be harmful and increase the risk of diseases such as cancer, but many are beneficial."

Detailed explanation-5: -Most mutations are not harmful, but some can be. A harmful mutation can result in a genetic disorder or even cancer. Another kind of mutation is a chromosomal mutation. Chromosomes, located in the cell nucleus, are tiny threadlike structures that carry genes.