AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A DNA segment removed from neurospora contained the base sequence G-T-C-C-A-T-G-C-A. A similar segment of DNA removed from neurospora had the base sequence G-T-C-C-A-T. This is an example of the deletion that is present in Option 1.

Detailed explanation-2: -point mutation, change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered. Point mutations are frequently the result of mistakes made during DNA replication, although modification of DNA, such as through exposure to X-rays or to ultraviolet radiation, also can induce point mutations.

Detailed explanation-3: -Translocations. A translocation occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. This type of rearrangement is described as balanced if no genetic material is gained or lost in the cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -The bases in DNA and RNA have a sequence which dictates the sequence of amino acids, so any alteration of the sequence of bases in DNA can potentially alter the structure of proteins for which they code.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mutations in a gene can result in a change in the sequence of amino acids such as in frameshift mutations and in missense and nonsense mutations occurring in point mutations. However, point mutations can also lead to silent mutations.