AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-2: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

Detailed explanation-3: -Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, and certain types of cancer are due to frameshift mutations.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two frameshift mutations in the CFTR genes cause cystic fibrosis (one involves the insertion of two nucleotides, and the other involves the deletion of one nucleotide).

Detailed explanation-5: -A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein.