AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Agenotypeis the genetic makeup of an individual organism. Biologists use the term genotype to distinguish from phenotype, which consists of the observable characteristics of an organism.

Detailed explanation-2: -In a broad sense, the term “genotype” refers to the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism’s complete set of genes. In a more narrow sense, the term can be used to refer to the alleles, or variant forms of a gene, that are carried by an organism.

Detailed explanation-3: -Each pair of alleles represents the genotype of a specific gene. Genotypes are described as homozygous if there are two identical alleles at a particular locus and as heterozygous if the two alleles differ. Alleles contribute to the organism’s phenotype, which is the outward appearance of the organism.

Detailed explanation-4: -If the two alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for that allele. If the alleles are different, the individual is heterozygous.

Detailed explanation-5: -Number of genotypes for a given number of alleles Given n alleles at a locus, the number genotypes possible is the sum of the integers between 1 and n: With 2 alleles, the number of genotypes is 1 + 2 = 3.