AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift variant occurs when there is an addition or loss of nucleotides that shifts the grouping and changes the code for all downstream amino acids. The resulting protein is usually nonfunctional. Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants.

Detailed explanation-2: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

Detailed explanation-3: -Frameshift Mutation A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Insertion mutations and deletion mutations are the two forms of frameshift mutations that might occur. Both have a similar overall impact, shifting the translational reading frame out of alignment and producing a random amino acid sequence.

Detailed explanation-5: -Deletions or insertions of a base (or bases) into the genome cause a shift in the reading frame and are thus called frameshift mutations; they result in a grossly different translation of the message beyond the site of the mutation.