AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The correct answer is (c) replication error. Induced mutations are caused by exposure to mutagens. Oxygen radicals, transposons, and radiation or chemicals are all conditions that can induce mutations in DNA. However, mutations cause by simple errors in DNA replication are not induced, but rather spontaneous.

Detailed explanation-2: -A warmer global climate can cause mutations to have more severe consequences for the health of organisms through their detrimental effect on protein function. This may have major repercussions on organisms’ ability to adapt to, and survive in, the altered habitats of the future.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mutations result either from accidents during the normal chemical transactions of DNA, often during replication, or from exposure to high-energy electromagnetic radiation (e.g., ultraviolet light or X-rays) or particle radiation or to highly reactive chemicals in the environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations can also occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, sunlight and radiation. Often cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it becomes a fixed mutation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mutations: ↑ Changes in an organism’s DNA sequence that may or may not alter proteins. Inherited Mutations: ↑ A mutation that is passed down from the mother or the father. Acquired Mutations: ↑ A mutation that is caused by environmental factors and does not affect cells passed down to future offspring.