AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -If a parent carries a gene mutation in their egg or sperm, it can pass to their child. These hereditary (or inherited) mutations are in almost every cell of the person’s body throughout their life. Hereditary mutations include cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell disease.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mutations that occur in the germ line-the cells that develop into sperm or eggs-can be passed on to the next generation and, perhaps, cause disease in children.

Detailed explanation-3: -A gene change in a body’s reproductive cell (egg or sperm) that becomes incorporated into the DNA of every cell in the body of the offspring. Germline mutations are passed on from parents to offspring. Also called germline variant.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations can occur in any cell, but only germline mutations-those present in egg and sperm cells-can be transmitted to offspring. For instance, hereditary diseases are a subtype of genetic disorder that are caused by deleterious germline mutations.

Detailed explanation-5: -In some cases, the mutation occurs in a person’s egg or sperm cell but is not present in any of the person’s other cells. In other cases, the mutation occurs in the fertilized egg shortly after the egg and sperm cells unite. It is often impossible to tell exactly when a de novo mutation happened.