AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -To separate DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA is loaded into pre-cast wells in the gel and a current applied. The phosphate backbone of the DNA (and RNA) molecule is negatively charged, therefore when placed in an electric field, DNA fragments will migrate to the positively charged anode.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments (or other macromolecules, such as RNA and proteins) based on their size and charge. Electrophoresis involves running a current through a gel containing the molecules of interest.

Detailed explanation-3: -This phenomenon is called sieving. Proteins are separated by the charge in agarose because the pores of the gel are too small to sieve proteins. Gel electrophoresis can also be used for the separation of nanoparticles.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gel electrophoresis is the name of the process used in molecular biology and genetics to analyze DNA fragments from different organisms.

Detailed explanation-5: -Agarose gel electrophoresis is used to resolve DNA fragments on the basis of their molecular weight. Smaller fragments migrate faster than larger ones; the distance migrated on the gel varies inversely with the logarithm of the molecular weight.