AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A mutation is a random change in DNA which therefore affects a gene and/or chromosome . Most mutations have no effect on the phenotype. Some influence phenotype to some extent. Very few create a new phenotype.

Detailed explanation-2: -Phenotype Phenotype refers to an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type. A person’s phenotype is determined by both their genomic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors.

Detailed explanation-3: -Phenotypic mutations are errors that occur during protein synthesis. These errors lead to amino acid substitutions that give rise to abnormal proteins. Experiments suggest that such errors are quite common.

Detailed explanation-4: -B. Silent mutations are a result of the redundancy (degeneracy) of the genetic code: This is false, as silent mutations are the result of a base substitution that has no discernible effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein.