AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Duplications occur when part of a chromosome is abnormally copied (duplicated). This type of chromosomal change results in extra copies of genetic material from the duplicated segment. Inversions.

Detailed explanation-2: -What Is a Translocation Mutation? A change in chromosome structure and content caused by translocation is a translocation mutation. Many genes may be transferred between chromosomes. Such translocation mutations can cause disorders of growth, development, and function of the body’s cells and systems.

Detailed explanation-3: -Germline mutations occur in gametes. These mutations are especially significant because they can be transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have the mutation. Somatic mutations occur in other cells of the body.

Detailed explanation-4: -An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement where a single chromosome undergoes breakage and is then reversed and rearranged within itself. Inversions are of two types: paracentric and pericentric. Paracentric inversions do not include the centromere and both breaks occur on same arm of the chromosome (Figure 24.4e).

Detailed explanation-5: -The four main types of structural chromosomal aberrations are deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.