AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The removal of one base to the DNA sequence might lead to a change on the succeeding (next) codon. DOES THE DNA MUTATION ALWAYS ALTER THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE? The change in the second codon of DNA sequence from GAA to GAG does not affect the amino acid sequence.

Detailed explanation-2: -point mutation, change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered. Point mutations are frequently the result of mistakes made during DNA replication, although modification of DNA, such as through exposure to X-rays or to ultraviolet radiation, also can induce point mutations.

Detailed explanation-3: -Frame-shift mutations occur when a base is added or removed from the sequence. Non-sense mutations create a stop codon, which can prevent the protein from being produced entirely, while missense mutations result in the substitution of one amino acid for another.

Detailed explanation-4: -Definition. A nonsense mutation occurs in DNA when a sequence change gives rise to a stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid. The presence of the new stop codon results in the production of a shortened protein that is likely non-functional. If playback doesn’t begin shortly, try restarting your device.

Detailed explanation-5: -When a nucleotide base is mistakenly added or deleted to a DNA sequence, it impacts every subsequent codon in the sequence because it shifts the entire queue either forward or backward by one nucleotide base.