AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Translocation can create chromosomal abnormalities. Crossing over is a general process that happens during meiosis (prophase Ⅰ). It is a type of mutation which alters genetic information. It produces recombinant chromosomes with different combinations of gene sets.

Detailed explanation-2: -Crossing over is a process that happens between homologous chromosomes in order to increase genetic diversity. During crossing over, part of one chromosome is exchanged with another. The result is a hybrid chromosome with a unique pattern of genetic material.

Detailed explanation-3: -A translocation occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. This type of rearrangement is described as balanced if no genetic material is gained or lost in the cell. If there is a gain or loss of genetic material, the translocation is described as unbalanced .

Detailed explanation-4: -The key difference between translocation and crossing over is that translocation occurs between non-homologous chromosomes while crossing over typically occurs between homologous regions of matching chromosomes.