AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A point mutation occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed.

Detailed explanation-2: -Single base substitutions are called point mutations, recall the point mutation Glu—–> Val which causes sickle-cell disease. Point mutations are the most common type of mutation and there are two types.

Detailed explanation-3: -A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.

Detailed explanation-4: -A point mutation is where you change one base in the DNA to another. A missense mutation occurs when that point mutation causes a different amino acid to be placed from that codon. Because multiple codons code for the same amino acid, not all point mutations will cause a missense mutation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Monogenic disorders are often the result of single point mutations in specific genes, leading to the production of non-functional proteins. Different blood disorders such as ß-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, Fanconi anemia, and Hemophilia A and B are usually caused by point mutations.