AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Crossing over is a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up. When two chromosomes-one from the mother and one from the father-line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched. The two chromosomes contain the same genes, but may have different forms of the genes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes’ non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Crossing over is the exchange of genes between two chromosomes, resulting in non-identical chromatids that comprise the genetic material of gametes (sperm and eggs). This process results in the millions of sperm or eggs that are produced by an organism, each being different from one another.

Detailed explanation-5: -During meiosis, homologous chromosomes (1 from each parent) pair along their lengths. The chromosomes cross over at points called chiasma. At each chiasma, the chromosomes break and rejoin, trading some of their genes. This recombination results in genetic variation.