HEREDITY
MUTATIONS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Everything after the mutation will be translated more quickly
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everything after the mutation is translated incorrectly
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Translation will fail to start
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Detailed explanation-1: -The key causes of mistranslation are errors in translational decoding of the codons in mRNA. Such errors mainly derive from tRNA misdecoding and misacylation, especially when certain codon-paired tRNA species are missing.
Detailed explanation-2: -No; only a small percentage of variants cause genetic disorders-most have no impact on health or development. For example, some variants alter a gene’s DNA sequence but do not change the function of the protein made from the gene.
Detailed explanation-3: -Errors in transcription can cause deleterious effect upon repeated translation of erroneous mRNA into protein. Transcription infidelity may result in aging and human diseases such as cancer.
Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations result either from errors in DNA replication or from the damaging effects of mutagens, such as chemicals and radiation, which react with DNA and change the structures of individual nucleotides. All cells possess DNA-repair enzymes that attempt to minimize the number of mutations that occur (Section 14.2).