AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mutations result either from accidents during the normal chemical transactions of DNA, often during replication, or from exposure to high-energy electromagnetic radiation (e.g., ultraviolet light or X-rays) or particle radiation or to highly reactive chemicals in the environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some of this pollution is ‘genotoxic’–that is, it can damage genetic material, including our own. This damage can take the form of genetic mutations or deletions that in turn can cause tumours and sometimes cancers. So keeping tabs on the genotoxicity of polluted water is a pressing concern.

Detailed explanation-4: -Saline water and distilled water are not fit for drinking purposes as saline water contains large amounts of salt dissolved in it while distilled water is free from dissolved salts and hence tends to dissolve salts from human metabolic system.