AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each individual is represented by: – a Roman Numeral, which stands for the generation in the family, – a Digit, which stands for the individual within the generation. (For instance, The female at the upper left is individual I-1.)

Detailed explanation-2: -Roman numerals (I, II, III, …) represent generations. Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, …) represent the birth order of siblings.

Detailed explanation-3: -The three-generation pedigree provides a pictorial representation of diseases within a family and is the most efficient way to assess hereditary influences on disease.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each generation is identified by a Roman numeral (I, II, III, and so on), and each individual within the same generation is identified by an Arabic numeral (1, 2, 3, and so on).