AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A pedigree shows relationships between family members and indicates which individuals have certain genetic pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases within a family as well as vital status. A pedigree can be used to determine disease inheritance patterns within a family.

Detailed explanation-2: -A pedigree is a map that depicts the different members of a family and their connections. It is a graph, and it makes assessing who is connected and their relationships-such as parent, sibling, cousin-apparent by visual inspection.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists have devised another approach, called pedigree analysis, to study the inheritance of genes in humans. Pedigree analysis is also useful when studying any population when progeny data from several generations is limited. Pedigree analysis is also useful when studying species with a long genration time.

Detailed explanation-4: -How are pedigrees used by genetic counselors? Genetic counselors use pedigrees like the one above to figure out how certain conditions are being passed down through a family and which family members, who may seem healthy now, could be at risk of already having that condition or developing it later.