AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the first type, due to nondisjunction during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes fail to segregate at anaphase I and lead to all the haploid cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes. The second type of nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II when sister chromatids fail to segregate.

Detailed explanation-2: -The failure of chromosomes to separate may occur via: Failure of homologues to separate in Anaphase I (resulting in four affected daughter cells) Failure of sister chromatids to separate in Anaphase II (resulting in only two daughter cells being affected)

Detailed explanation-3: -Nondisjunction is the miss segregation of a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis (figure 1). It leads to the formation of a new cell with an abnormal amount of genetic material. A number of clinical conditions are the result of this type of chromosomal mutation.

Detailed explanation-4: -This diversity of possible gametes reflects two factors: crossing over and the random orientation of homologue pairs during metaphase of meiosis I.

Detailed explanation-5: -Meiosis is important for creating genomic diversity in a species. It accomplishes this primarily through 2 processes: independent assortment and crossing over (recombination).